Ukuntu uruzige rumwe ruhinduka ikiza

Ikipe y'intangazamakuru rirabwa
10 z'ukwa kabiri 2020
Isi

Umugwi munini w'inzige zo mu bugaragwa ziragisibije mu karere k'ihembe rya Afrika no mu bumanuko bwa Aziya, zirya imirima kandi zibangamira amasoko y'ibifungurwa n'uburamuko bw'abantu. Nico kiza kibi kibonetse mu kiringo kingana ica kane c'ikinjana. None vyashitse aha gute?

Ibikinye biraboneka

Isanamu y'ido n'ido ry'uruzige rwo mu bugaragwa

Uruzige rwo mu bugaragwa nk'uru - ubwoko bw'igihori - mu bisanzwe ntirukunda kwiyerekana, kandi ni nyamwigendako. Rutangura ari igi rikavamwo akazige gato - kazwi nka hopper - hanyuma kagahinduka uruzige rukuze ruguruka. Ni ubuzima busanzwe, ata gitangaza kirimwo.

Isanamu y'ido n'ido ry'uruzige rwo mu bugaragwa rw'ubwoko gregarious

Ariko rimwe na rimwe, inzige zo mu bugaragwa zishikirwa n'amahinduka azwi nka Jekyll and Hyde. Aho n'igihe zirundaniriza hamwe - nk'ahantu hari ubwatsi buriko burahera - zikareka kuba nyamwigendako zigacika udusigo duto kandi "dukaze".

Muri uyu muce mushasha w'ukubana, utu dukoko duhindura ibara kandi tukishira mu migwi ishobora guhindukamwo imgwi minini y'inzige ziguruka zikona imirima ku buryo buteye ubwoba.

Imigwi nk'iyi y'inzige irashobora kuba amahanga yose. Irashobora kuba irimwo inzige imiriyaridi 10 kandi zigakwiragira akarere k'ibirometero amajana. Zirashobora kugenda ahantu hangana 200km mu munsi umwe, zigatongora ibiterwa aho ziciye ata kuruhuka, zirya zongera zirondoka.

N'umugwi usanzwe w'inzige urashobora gusambura umurima wogaburiye abantu 2.500 umwaka wose, nk'uko bitangazwa n'ikigo kijejwe ibivungurwa kw'isi PAM.

Uturanda duterwa n'inzige twaragabanutse cane mu myaka iheze

Igitigiri c'ibihugu vyashikiwe n'ibitero vy'inzige, 1926-2019

Akaranda

Kwiyongera canke igabanuka

Idindira

Bitangwa na: FAO

Menya: Idindira bisigura yuko inzige ziriho ariko ku gitigiri gito cane; kwiyongera bisigura ko ibitero vyinshi vy'inzige vyibonekeje mu gihe c'irondoka; akaranda bisigura gukwiragira cane hamwe no kwonona cane ibiterwa ikiringo kingana umwaka; impera z'akaranda ryitwa igabanuka.

Ikiza gikomeye c'inzige caheruka mu 2003-05 mu burengero bwa Afrika cateje igihombo c'ibifungurwa c'agaciro k'imiriyaridi $2.5, nk'uko bitangazwa na ONU.

Ariko harigeze kuba ibiza bikomeye vyahitanye vyinshi mu myaka y'1930, 40 na 50. Bimwe muri ivyo biza vyarashitse mu turere twinshi, bishika ku bitigiri bikenewe kugira bifatwe nk'"akaranda".

Muri rusangi, PAM igereranya yuko inzige zo mu bugaragwa zibangamira amaramuko y'umwe kuri 10 mu bantu baba kw'isi - akaba ari kiza ca mbere gikomeye kw'isi giterwa n'ibikoko vyimuka.

Uturanda duterwa n'inzige twaragabanutse cane mu myaka iheze

Igitigiri c'ibihugu vyashikiwe n'ibitero vy'inzige, 1926-2019

Akaranda

Kwiyongera canke igabanuka

Idindira

Bitangwa na: FAO Menya: Idindira bisigura yuko inzige ziriho ariko ku gitigiri gito cane; kwiyongera bisigura ko ibitero vyinshi vy'inzige vyibonekeje mu gihe c'irondoka; akaranda bisigura gukwiragira cane hamwe no kwonona cane ibiterwa ikiringo kingana umwaka; impera z'akaranda ryitwa igabanuka.

Muri uyu muce mushasha w'ukubana, utu dukoko duhindura ibara kandi tukishira mu migwi ishobora guhindukamwo imgwi minini y'inzige ziguruka zikona imirima ku buryo buteye ubwoba.

N'umugwi usanzwe w'inzige urashobora gusambura umurima wogaburiye abantu 2.500 umwaka wose, nk'uko bitangazwa n'ikigo kijejwe ibivungurwa kw'isi PAM.

Ikiza gikomeye c'inzige caheruka mu 2003-05 mu burengero bwa Afrika cateje igihombo c'ibifungurwa c'agaciro k'imiriyaridi $2.5, nk'uko bitangazwa na ONU.

Ariko harigeze kuba ibiza bikomeye vyahitanye vyinshi mu myaka y'1930, 40 na 50. Bimwe muri ivyo biza vyarashitse mu turere twinshi, bishika ku bitigiri bikenewe kugira bifatwe nk'"akaranda".

Muri rusangi, PAM igereranya yuko inzige zo mu bugaragwa zibangamira amaramuko y'umwe kuri 10 mu bantu baba kw'isi - akaba ari kiza ca mbere gikomeye kw'isi giterwa n'ibikoko vyimuka.

Igitigiri c'ibihugu vyashikiwe n'ibitero vy'inzige, 1926-2019
Umwaka	Idindira	Kwiyongera canke igabanuka	Akaranda
2019	0	18	0
2018	0	0	0
2017	0	0	0
2016	5	0	0
2015	2	0	0
2014	7	0	0
2013	10	0	0
2012	9	0	0
2011	7	0	0
2010	4	0	0
2009	5	0	0
2008	8	0	0
2007	13	0	0
2006	1	0	0
2005	0	20	0
2004	0	23	0
2003	5	0	0
2002	0	0	0
2001	0	0	0
2000	2	0	0
1999	4	0	0
1998	7	0	0
1997	12	0	0
1996	15	0	0
1995	15	0	0
1994	13	0	0
1993	20	0	0
1992	5	0	0
1991	0	0	0
1990	3	0	0
1989	0	15	0
1988	0	0	26
1987	15	0	0
1986	12	0	0
1985	2	0	0
1984	0	0	0
1983	7	0	0
1982	5	0	0
1981	5	0	0
1980	6	0	0
1979	0	4	0
1978	0	15	0
1977	3	0	0
1976	9	0	0
1975	7	0	0
1974	11	0	0
1973	7	0	0
1972	5	0	0
1971	4	0	0
1970	7	0	0
1969	0	11	0
1968	0	25	0
1967	7	0	0
1966	2	0	0
1965	4	0	0
1964	6	0	0
1963	0	10	0
1962	0	29	0
1961	0	29	0
1960	0	0	44
1959	0	0	47
1958	0	0	41
1957	0	0	37
1956	0	0	35
1955	0	0	43
1954	0	0	40
1953	0	0	43
1952	0	0	27
1951	0	41	0
1950	0	33	0
1949	9	0	0
1948	12	0	0
1947	0	29	0
1946	0	36	0
1945	0	0	42
1944	0	0	47
1943	0	0	43
1942	0	0	35
1941	0	24	0
1940	0	6	0
1939	5	0	0
1938	3	0	0
1937	6	0	0
1936	6	0	0
1935	6	0	0
1934	0	9	0
1933	0	18	0
1932	0	0	27
1931	0	0	35
1930	0	0	45
1929	0	0	41
1928	0	0	34
1927	0	22	0
1926	0	8	0
Bitangwa na: FAO
Menya: Idindira bisigura yuko inzige ziriho ariko ku gitigiri gito cane; kwiyongera bisigura ko ibitero vyinshi vy'inzige vyibonekeje mu gihe c'irondoka; akaranda bisigura gukwiragira cane hamwe no kwonona cane ibiterwa ikiringo kingana umwaka; impera z'akaranda ryitwa igabanuka.

Imigwi amahanga iriko irasivya imirima mu buseruko bwa Afrika no muri Pakistani

Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, igitero gikomeye c'inzige zo mu bugaragwa caheruka kera cane gishegeshe imirima n'ubwatsi hose mu karere k'ihembe rya Afrika, bikabangamira kuboneka kw'ibifungurwa mu karere kose.

Utu dukoko tw'utwononyi kuva mukwa mbere n'ukwa kabiri twarakwiragira muri Kenya, Ethiopia na Somalia ndetse na hamwe muri Pakistan. Ni co gitero c'inzige gikomeye muri Kenya mu myaka 70 kikaba ari co gikomeye muri Somaliya na Etiyopiya mu myaka 25.

FAO ifite impungenge ko ibihe by'imvura mu kwa gatatu n'inyuma yaho bizongera guha umwanya igitero ca kabiri cutu dukoko bikongera gushira ubuzima bw'abantu mu kaga.

FAO ivuga ko utu dukoko dushobora kwiyongera incuro 20 niba hadafashwe ingingo zo kudukumira

Hari ibihugu vyameze magabo kubera inzige

Ikarata yerekana ingene inzige ziriko zirasongera isibe mu karere k'ihembe rya Afrika, impande zose z'ikiyaga gitukura hamwe n'urubibe rwa Pakistani n'Ubuhinde. Imigwi amahanga y'inzige iriko irakwiragira muri Etiyopiya na Kenya kandi ishobora kwimukira no mu bindi bihuhugu.

Bitangwa na: FAO, ukwa kabiri 2020

Ivyo bishobora kuba ingorane cane muri Afrika y'ubuseruko - agace n'ubundi kari gafite icago c'ubukene bw'imfungurwa kubera ingwano, uruzuba n'imyuzurira. Ibintu ariko birateye amakenga no muri Iran na Yemen aho izindi nzige ziri kuvuka nk'uko FAO ibivuga.

Utu dukoko turamaze gusambura isi ndimwa acres ibihumbi vyinshi muri Afrika y'ubuseruko.

Ubwo zari nyinshi cane mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, izi zinge zarya amatoni y'ivyatsi umuriyoni 1,8 ku munsi mu kibanza kingana na kirometero kwadarato 135, nk'uko PAM ivuga.

Iryo shirahamwe ryemeza ko umugwi umwe muri Kenya wari upfyukiriye ahantu hafise ubwaguke bwa 40km kuri 60km.

Uruzige rushobora kurya ibingana gute?

Uruzige rwo mu bugaragwa rukuze rurashobora kurya ibingana n'uburemere bwarwo ku munsi, ni kuvuga 2g. Igicapo ntangamakuru cerekana ivyo uruzige rwo mu bugargwa rukuze rushobora kurya. Rushobora kurya nk'2g - bingana n'uburemere bw'umubiri warwo. Umugwi w'inzige upfukira akarere ka kirometero kwadarato imwe ushobora kurya ibingana n'ivyorya abantu 35.000.

Igicapo ntangamakuru cerekana ivyo uruzige rwo mu bugargwa rukuze rushobora kurya. Rushobora kurya nk'2g - bingana n'uburemere bw'umubiri warwo. Umugwi w'inzige upfukira akarere ka kirometero kwadarato imwe ushobora kurya ibingana n'ivyorya abantu 35.000.

Bitangwa na: PAM

Birateye amakenga ko ibitero bishasha vy'inzige muri Kenya na Ethiopia bishobora kuba bininiya kurusha ivya mbere ariko igihe bizoba ntigiteye ubwoba nk'uko Keith Cressman umukozi wa FAO akurikirana ivy'inzige abivuga

Avuga ati: "Ubu ni intangiriro z'igihe c'imvura no kurima muri ivyo bihugu. Imbuto zitangiye gushibuka inzige nzo zirateye"

Inzige zikuze zihari ubu zigiye gutera amagi zivyare izindi nzige zizaba ari nkuru igihe c'umwimbu nk'uko Bwana Cressman abivuga

Ifoto ya Ali Bila Waqo, umurima wiwe ukaba warahonejwe n'inzige

Icago c'inzige kije kandi mu gihe ibi bihugu vyibasiwe na coronavirus n'ibikorwa vyo kuyirinda bibuza abantu ingendo zisanzwe, bikagorana kurwanya izi nzige

Ali Bila Waqo, umurimyi w'imyaka 68 y'amavuko akorera mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Kenya, yari yizeye kuzoronka umwimbu mwiza uno mwaka, kuko imvura yari yabonetse nyuma y'igihe kirekire c'uruzuba.

Ariko inzige zaronye ziratongora umurima wiwe wose w'ibigori n'ibiharage.

Agira ati "zariye ivyari vyameze vyose kandi ivyo zitariye vyaciye vyuma. Vyaratubabaje cane. Twarabona ivyo kurya n'amaso yacu, ariko ntitwigeze dukirako."

Bwana Waqo, aribuka neza igitero c'inzige caheruka mu 1960, akavuga ingene izo nzige zakubise ikirere kikijima.

Agira ati "harijima ku buryo udashora no kubona izuba."

Ikirere kibi catumye ikibazo cunyuka.

Icateje igitero c'inzige c'ubu cahereye ku gihe c'ibihuhusi n'imvura nyinshi vyo mu 2018-19.

Inzige zo mu bugaragwa mu bisanzwe ziba mu karere kumye kari nko ku bihugu 30 hagati ya Afrika y'uburengero n'Ubuhinde - akarere k'ubunini bungana n'ibirometero kwadarato imiriyoni 16.

Ariko imvura yaguye mu myaka ibiri iheze yatumye mu bumanuko bw'amazinga y'Abarabu haba heza bituma inganwe zitatu z'inzige zigwira atawuzibonye, nk'uko bivugwa na ONU.

Kwiyongera kwantanguye kuva mu 2018

Ikarata yerekana ingene umugwi w'inzige wiyongereye mu masizeni make kandi zikava mu mazinga y'Abarabu zikaja mw'ihembe rya Afrika hamwe n'urubibe rw'Ubuhindi na Pakistani.

Bingwa na: PAM, ukwa mbere 2020

Gushika mu ntango za 2019, imigwi ya mbere y'inzige yerekeje muri Yemen, Arabi Saudite na Irani, zirarondoka cane imbere yo kwungururiza muri Afrika.

Iyindi migwi yaravutse kandi gushika mu mpera z'umwaka uheze zari zagwiriye muri Eritreya, Jibuti na Kenya.

Ifoto y'umugwi w'inzige mu karere ka Samburu muri Kenya

Biteganyijwe ko inzige ziziyongera mu gihe c'imvura muri Afrika y'ubuseruko, Yemen n'ubumanuko bwa Iran mu mezi ari imbere.

Naho ibitero vy'inzige nk'ivyo bigoye cane kurwanya kuko zikwiragira akarere kanini cane, Bwana Cressman wo muri PAM yemera ko hari vyinshi vyari gushobora gukorwa kare mu guhangana n'iki kibazo co kwiyongera kw'inzige.

Yagize ati "Iyo haba utwigoro twinshi kandi dushika ku kintu mu guhangana n'ikibazo mu bihugu bimwe, vyari gutuma ibintu bitunyuka."

Abantu bariko baragerageza guhangana n'iki kiza c'inzige

Mu gihe ikiza c'inzige kiri mu karere k'ihembe rya Afrika ari akataraboneka mu vyerekeye ingene izo nzige zingana n'ivyo ziri kwonona, ibihugu biriko birakora uko bishoboye.

Gukumira iki kiza bikunda ari uko ibintu bibiri bibonetse - kurereka no kugenzura bikwiye.

Urwego rwa PAM rutanga amakuru ku nzige zo mu bugaragwa rutanga imburi, kikagabisha kare kandi kikavuga igihe, ubunini hamwe n'akarere igitero c'inzige gishobora kubamwo n'ukurondoka kwazo.

Ariko iyo igitigiri c'inzige kimaze gushika ku rwego runini cane, nk'uko bimeze mu karere k'ihembe rya Afrika, hakenewe gufatwa ivyemezo vya vuba vyo kugabanya ubwinshi bw'inzige, co kimwe no gukumira ngo iyindi migwi yazo ntivuke ikagwirirana.

Ingene imigwi y'inzige irwanywa

Igicapo ntangamakuru c'ukuntu imigwi y'inzige ishobora kurwanywa hakoreshejwe imiti yo gupoma bagenda n'amaguru, hakoreshejwe indege canke imodoka.

Bitangwa na: PAM

Naho ubushakashatsi bubandanya kugira hatorwe umuti utabangamira ibidukikije, nk'imiti ikozwe mu biterwa canke kuzana ibikoko birya inzige, uburyo bukoreshwa kenshi mu kuzikumira ni imiti y'ubumara.

Hatewe imiti muri izo nzige n'abagenda n'amaguru, imiduga canke indege, imigwi yose y'inzige irashobora gutumberezwa kandi ikicwa n'ubumara mu mwanya muto.

Muri iyi sizeni (season) FAO iri gukorana n'ibihugu mu gutera imiti yica inzige hakoreshejwe indege.

Gushika ubu, hegitari zirenga 240,000 mu bihugu 10 zimaze guterwa imiti, abantu amagana nabo batojwe gutera imiti bari kubutaka.

Bwana Creeman avuga ko ibi bikorwa biratanga umwimbu cane kurusha bitangura mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, kubuza ingendo kubera coronavirus nabyo ngo ntibirabuza ibi bikorwa ku rwego runini.

Ifoto y'umurima w'umurimyi Ali Bila Waqo wasambuwe

Ariko biragoye cane kurwanya inzige nyinshi cane kandi ziri mu duce tugoye gushikamo . Cressman avuga ko ivyo bituma utamenya neza umubare w'inzige zo kurwanya.

Ivyakozwe gushika ubu bizokwerekana igikenewe gukorwa mu bihe biri imbere. Ukwiyongera kuriho ubu nikwambuka izindi mbibe, izindi ntara zigashikirwa, iyindi mirima ikonwa, harashobora gutangazwa "akaranda".

Kuri iyi sizeni ni nkenerwa cane "gufatanya no guhana ubumenyi"mu kwirinda ko ibintu birushaho kuba nabi - Bwana Cressman.

Ariko ku murimyi wo muri Kenya Ali Bila Waqo, icokorwa ico ari co cose ubu nta kamara kuko amazi yarenze inkombe. Ikintu conyene we n'umuryango wiwe bashobora gukora mu kurwanya izi nzige iyo zamanuka kwari guhonda ku mabido no kuvuza induru.

Ariko naho biri uko, ivyamubayeho asa n'uwavyakiriye.

Agira ati "Ni ugushaka kw'Imana. Iki ni igisirikare cayo."

Ababiteguye

Words and production by Lucy Rodgers, field production by Joe Inwood, design by Zoe Bartholomew and Millie Wachira, development by Becky Rush, Catriona Morrison and Purity Birir. Locust images by Swidbert R Ott and Stephen Rogers and Getty Images. Kenya farming images by the BBC.