Sida uu hal ayax oo kaligiis ah ku noqday cayayaan xad-dhaaf ah oo waxyeello keena
Koronkor ayaxa saxaraha ah ayaa dhibaato weyn ku haya Geeska Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya, isagoo baabi'inaya dalagyo beero ah islamarkaana halis galinaya adeegyadii cuntada iyo noloshaba. Waa weerarkii ugu xumaa ee uu ayaxa soo qaado muddo rubac qarni ah gudaheed. Sidey arrintu kusoo gaartay meel aad u xun?
Ayaxa saxaraha ee sidan oo kale ah - oo noociisu yahay midka dalagga cuna - wuxuu badanaa jecelyahay inuu dhuumasho ku noolaado. Wuxuu kasoo farcamaa ukun kaddibna wuxuu noqdaa ayax yar- oo loo yaqaanno rajeeye - kaddibna wuxuu noqdaa mid weyn oo duulaya. marxaladahaasoo dhan wey sahlan yihiin haddii aan la fahmin jiritaankiisa.
Laakiin marba marka kasii dambeysa, ayaxa saxaraha wuu isbaddalaa wuuna sii bataa. Marka ay isku bataan - sida maka ay ka buuxsamaan dhul agaaran oo khudaar ka buuxdo - waxay isku baddalaan xayawaan "waxyeello ba'an leh" oo bahallada heerkooda ku dhow.
Inta lagu jiro wajigan cusub ee caadiga ah, cayayaankan wuxuu ka baddalkaa midabka wuxuuna noqdaa kooxo koronkor badan ah oo duuleysa si wadajir ahna weerarka u qaadda.
Koronkorta ayaxa ee noocaas ah waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u badan. waxay gaari karaan ilaa 10 bilyan waxayna halmar dabooli karaan boqollaal kiiloo mitir. waxay qabsan karaan ilaa 200km(120 meyl) halkii maalinba, iyagoo baabi'inaya nolosha miyiga, maadaama ay cunayaan dalaggii beraha oo dhan.
Xitaa koronkor ay tiradeedu caadi tahay waxay baabi'in karaan dalag raashin ah oo lagu quudin kari lahaa 2,500 oo ruux halkii sanoba, sida laga soo xigtay Hay'adda Cunnada iyo Beeraha ee Qaramada Midoobay (FAO).
Koronkortii ugu dambeysay ee ayax ah - oo ahayd tiro aan aad usii badneyn - oo kasoo kacday Galbeedka Afrika intii u dhaxeysay 2003-05 waxay khasaariyeen dalag qiimihiisu ku kacay $2.5bn, sida ay sheegtay Qaramada Midoobay.
Laakiin waxaa sidoo kale jiray ayax badan oo waxyeello geystay oo kacay sanadihii 1930-meeyadii, 40-meeyadii iyo 50-meeyadii. Qaarkood waxay saameeyeen gobollo badan, iyagoo gaaray tirada lagu qeexo "cayayaan xad-dhaaf ah oo waxyeello keena".
Guud ahaan, FAO waxay qiyaastay in ayaxa saxaraha uu saameynayo hal qof oo ka mid ah 10-kii qof ee ku nool adduunka - isagoo noqonaya khatarta socdaasha ee ugu weyn dunida.
Ayaxa saxaraha ee sidan oo kale ah - oo noociisu yahay midka dalagga cuna - wuxuu badanaa jecelyahay inuu dhuumasho ku noolaado. Wuxuu kasoo farcamaa ukun kaddibna wuxuu noqdaa ayax yar- oo loo yaqaanno rajeeye - kaddibna wuxuu noqdaa mid weyn oo duulaya. marxaladahaasoo dhan wey sahlan yihiin haddii aan la fahmin jiritaankiisa.
Laakiin marba marka kasii dambeysa, ayaxa saxaraha wuu isbaddalaa wuuna sii bataa. Marka ay isku bataan - sida maka ay ka buuxsamaan dhul agaaran oo khudaar ka buuxdo - waxay isku baddalaan xayawaan "waxyeello ba'an leh" oo bahallada heerkooda ku dhow.
Inta lagu jiro wajigan cusub ee caadiga ah, cayayaankan wuxuu ka baddalkaa midabka wuxuuna noqdaa kooxo koronkor badan ah oo duuleysa si wadajir ahna weerarka u qaadda.
Koronkorta ayaxa ee noocaas ah waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u badan. waxay gaari karaan ilaa 10 bilyan waxayna halmar dabooli karaan boqollaal kiiloo mitir. waxay qabsan karaan ilaa 200km(120 meyl) halkii maalinba, iyagoo baabi'inaya nolosha miyiga, maadaama ay cunayaan dalaggii beraha oo dhan.
Xitaa koronkor ay tiradeedu caadi tahay waxay baabi'in karaan dalag raashin ah oo lagu quudin kari lahaa 2,500 oo ruux halkii sanoba, sida laga soo xigtay Hay'adda Cunnada iyo Beeraha ee Qaramada Midoobay (FAO).
Koronkortii ugu dambeysay ee ayax ah - oo ahayd tiro aan aad usii badneyn - oo kasoo kacday Galbeedka Afrika intii u dhaxeysay 2003-05 waxay khasaariyeen dalag qiimihiisu ku kacay $2.5bn, sida ay sheegtay Qaramada Midoobay.
Laakiin waxaa sidoo kale jiray ayax badan oo waxyeello geystay oo kacay sanadihii 1930-meeyadii, 40-meeyadii iyo 50-meeyadii. Qaarkood waxay saameeyeen gobollo badan, iyagoo gaaray tirada lagu qeexo "cayayaan xad-dhaaf ah oo waxyeello keena".
Guud ahaan, FAO waxay qiyaastay in ayaxa saxaraha uu saameynayo hal qof oo ka mid ah 10-kii qof ee ku nool adduunka - isagoo noqonaya khatarta socdaasha ee ugu weyn dunida.
| Sanadka | Khasaaraha kooban | Kororka iyo hoos-udhaca | Cayayaan xad-dhaaf ah oo waxyeello keena |
| 2019 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2016 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| 2011 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 2008 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| 2004 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| 2003 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2000 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 1999 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 1997 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| 1996 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| 1995 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| 1994 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| 1993 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| 1992 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 1991 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1990 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 1989 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| 1988 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
| 1987 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| 1986 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| 1985 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 1984 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1983 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 1982 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 1981 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 1980 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 1979 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 1978 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| 1977 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 1976 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| 1975 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 1974 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
| 1973 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 1972 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 1971 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 1970 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 1969 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| 1968 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| 1967 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 1966 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 1965 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 1964 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 1963 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| 1962 | 0 | 29 | 0 |
| 1961 | 0 | 29 | 0 |
| 1960 | 0 | 0 | 44 |
| 1959 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
| 1958 | 0 | 0 | 41 |
| 1957 | 0 | 0 | 37 |
| 1956 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
| 1955 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
| 1954 | 0 | 0 | 40 |
| 1953 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
| 1952 | 0 | 0 | 27 |
| 1951 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| 1950 | 0 | 33 | 0 |
| 1949 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| 1948 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| 1947 | 0 | 29 | 0 |
| 1946 | 0 | 36 | 0 |
| 1945 | 0 | 0 | 42 |
| 1944 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
| 1943 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
| 1942 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
| 1941 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| 1940 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 1939 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 1938 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 1937 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 1936 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 1935 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 1934 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| 1933 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| 1932 | 0 | 0 | 27 |
| 1931 | 0 | 0 | 35 |
| 1930 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
| 1929 | 0 | 0 | 41 |
| 1928 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
| 1927 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| 1926 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Xigasho: FAO | |||
| Fiiro gaar ah: Khasaaraha kooban waxaa loola jeedaa in ayaxa uu muddo kooban joogo; kororka waxaa loola jeedaa ayax meelo badan ka kaca oo sii xoogeysta; tiro xad-dhaaf ah waxaa loola jeedaa sida uu u ballaarto iyo meelaha uu gaaro in ka badan hal sano; marka ay tirada xad-dhaafka ah dhammaaneyso ayaa la yiraahdaa hoos-udhac. | |||
Koronkorta waxay waxyeello ba'an ku heysaa dalagyada Bariga Afrika iyo Pakistan
Koronkortii ayaxa ee ugu xumeyd muddo tobannaan sano ah ayaa hadda dhibaato ku heysa dalagyo iyo dhul daaq ah oo ku yaalla Bariga Afrika - waana dhul daboolaya dalalka Jabuuti, Eretariya, Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya - iyo meelo kasii badanba, iyagoo halis galinaya raashinkii loogu tala galay guud ahaan gobolka.
Cayayaankan khasaaraha dhaqaale wata ayaa hadda kusii fidaya waddanka Kenya kaddib markii ay soo xaalufiyeen Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya. Waa weerarkii ugu xumaa ee uu ayaxa Kenya u geysto muddo 70 sano gudaheed ah, waana kii ugu xumaa ee soo mara Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya muddo 25 sano gudahood ah.
Soomaaliya waxay ku dhawaaqday xaalad deg deg ah oo looga jawaabayo xiisaddan. Waa dalkii labaad ee sidaas sameeyo kaddib Pakistan, halkaasoo cayayaankan uu ku burburiyay dalagyo isugu jira suuf, qamadi, galley iyo dalagyo kale oo ku yaallay deegaannada bari.
Laakiin meesha uu walaaca ugu daran ka jiro waa Geeska Afrika, sida ay sheegtay FAO, halkaaoo ayaxa uu ugu faafayo si deg deg ah, tiradana ay labajibbaarmi karto 500 oo jeer ilaa bisha June.
Tiro dalal ah ayaa heegan uga jira ayaxa
Qaar ka mid ah koronkorta ayaa Axaddii u tallowday xadka Uganda, sida ay mas'uuliyiinta dalkaas sheegeen, hay'adda FAO-na waxay ka digtay in kacdoonkan uu noqon doono dhibaato gobolka oo dhan qabsata, haddii aan wax laga qabanin.
Cayayaankan duullaanka ah waxay horayba u burburiyeen in ka badan 175,000 acres oo dhul beereed ah oo ku yaalla Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya ilaa dhammaadkii bishii December.
Waxay maalintiiba cunayaan khudaar dhan 1.8m oo tan oo ku taalla dhul baaxaddiisu la egtahay 350 sq km (135 sq meyl), sida ay FAO sheegtay
Hay'addu waxay aaminsan tahay in hal koronkor oo ku sugan Kenya ay ku habsatay dhul baaxaddiisu la egtahay 40km ilaa 60km (25 meyl iyo 40 meyl).
Wax intee la eg ayuu ayaxa cuni karaa?
Ayax weyn oo nooca saxaraha ah wuxuu maalin kasta cunaa qiyaas raashin ah oo la eg culeyska jirkiisa - oo lagu qiyaasay 2garaam
Xigasho: FAO
Mas'uuliyiinta gobolka waxay hadda ka cabsi qabaan in xiisadda ayaxa ay horseeddo hoos u dhac ku yimaada wax soo saarkii beeraha, taasoo halis sii galineysa adeegyadii raashinka ee loo qoondeeay deegaanno horayba ay u saameeyeen fatahaado iyo abaaro. In ka badan 20 malyan oo shacabka gobolka ku sugan ah ayey saameyntan gaari kartaa, sida ay sheegtay Qaramada Midoobay.
"Waxaan walaaca ugu badan ka qabnaa Kenya iyo Itoobiya sababtoo ah kuwani waa laba meelood ee ay gaartay koronkorta ugu badan," ayuu yiri Keith Cressman, oo ah sarkaal sare oo FAO u saadaaliya arrimaha ayaxa.
Ayaxa hadda soo noqonaya wuxuu mar dhow ka tagi doonaa ukumo kale oo mid seddaxaad oo weerar ah uu ka dhalan karo, sida uu sheegay Mr Cressman, taas oo dalagga halis ku ah.
"intaas waxaa sii dheer, Itoobiya gudaheeda, tirada ayaxa wey kusii badaneysaa."
Ali Bila Waqo, oo ah 68 jir beeraley ah oo ka shaqeeya waqooyiga-bari ee Kenya, wuxuu rajo ka qabay inuu sanadkan usoo go'i doono dalag fiican, maadaama uu roob dhawaan da'ay soo afjaray abaar muddo dheer taagneyd.
Laakiin ayaxa ayaa burburiyay dhammaan dalaggisii galleyda iyo digirta
Waxay cuneen inta badan beeraheennii, wixii aysan cuninna way iska qallaleen," ayuu yiri. "Arintaas aad bay noo dhaawacday. Raashinka indhaheenna ayaan ku aragnay laakiin nooma suurtagalin inaan ka istareexno."
Mr Waqo, oo xasuusta duullaan hore oo uu ayaxa soo qaaday sannadihii 1960-meeyadii, wuxuu qeexayaa sida ay koronkorta ayaxa ah u dabooshay hawada cirka.
"Mugdi ayey hawada noqoneysaa, oo xitaa qorraxda ma arki kartid," ayuu yiri.
Cimilada xad-dhaafka ah ayaa sii xoojisay dibaatada
Khasaaraha hadda ka dhashay duullaankan wuxuu dib ugu laabanayaa kii ay sababeen roobabkii ma hiigaanka ahaa ee da'ay 2018-19
Ayaxa saxaraha wuxuu sida caadiga ah ugu nool yahay dhulka qallalan ee ku yaalla ilaa 30 waddan oo ka tirsan dalalka u dhaxeeya Galbeedka Afrika iyo Hindiya - waana gobol ay baaxaddiisu la egtahay 16 malyan sq km (6.2 malyan sq meyl).
Laakiin xaaladdaha qoyaanka ee wanaagsan ee 2 sano ka hor ka jiray Koonfurta Gacanka Carabta ayaa sababay in saddex jiil oo ayax ah ay soo baxaan iyagoon la ogeyn, sida ay sheegtay Qaramada Midoobay
Kacdoonka ayaa soo kordhayey tan iyo 2018
Horaantii sanadkii 2019, Koronkorradii ugu horreysay ayaa u jihaysatay Yemen, Sacuudi Carabiya iyo Iiran, iyagoo sii kordhay ka hor inta aysan usii dhaqaaqin Bariga Afrika.
Koronkorro dheeraad ah ayaa abuurmay dhamaadkii sanakdii hore waxayna ku kordheen Eretariya, Jabuuti & Kenya
Ayaxa ayaa sidoo kale ku kordhay labada dacal ee Badda Cas, isagoo saameeyey Masar, Sudan, Sacuudi Carabiya iyo Yemen, iyo deegaanno ku teedsan xadka Hindiya & Pakistan, xaalladaas oo Qaramada Midoobay ay ku tilmaamtay "Mid aad u naxdin badan"
In kasta oo ay adag
tahay in duullaanka noocan ah lala dagaallamo sababo la xiriira dhulka baaxadda weyn ee
uu saameeyey, Mr Cressman oo ka tirsan FAO wuxuu rumeysan yahay in wax badan la
qaban kari lahaa mar hore si looga hortago kacdoonka ayaxa
"Haddii dadaallo ballaaran oo guulo looga gaaro xakameynta laga sameyn lahaa wadamada muhiimka ah, waxaa laga yaabi lahaa in xaaladda la yareyn lahaa," ayuu yiri
Dadku waxay isku dayayaan inay wax ka qabtaan koronkorta awoodda badan ee ayaxa
Iyadoo hadda ayaxa ku sugan Geeska Afrika uu yahay mid aan si sahlan lagula tacaali karin baaxadda uu leeyahay iyo waxyeellada uu sababi karo awgeed, haddana dalalku waxay dadaal ugu jiraan inay wax ka qabtaan.
Inla xakameeyo fiditaankiisa waxay ku xiran tahay labo arrimood oo waaweyn - in lala socdo iyo in la si saxan loo xakameeyo
Adeegga xogta la xiriirta Ayaxa Saxaraha, oo ay bixiso FAO, waxaa lagu sameeyaa saadaalin, digniin xilli hore ah iyo qeylo dhaan dhinaca wakhtiga ah, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu sharraxaa xaddiga baaxadda dhulka uu duullaanka gaari karo.
Laakiin marba haddii ay tiradiisu gaarto heer xasarad ah, sida hadda ka jirta Geeska Afrika, waxaa loo baahan yahay in la qaado, si loo yareeyo tirada iyo waliba in laga hortago koronkor cusub oo sameysmata ama sii fidda.
Sida loola tacaalo koronkorta ayaxa
Xigasho: FAO
Inkastoo ay jirto cilmi baaris socota oo ku saabsan xal dheeri ah oo aan deegaanka waxba u dhimeynin, sida habab kiimico oo aan dhirta waxyeeleynin, waxa ugu badan ee hadda la adeegsato waa in sun lagu buufiyo.
Haddii lagu rusheeyo iyadoo gacmaha la adeegsanayo, baabuur ama diyaarado, koronkor aad u badan ayaa lagu leyn karaa kiimikada muddo gaaban gudaheed.
"Howlgallo xakameyn ah oo aad u ballaaran ayaa hadda looga baahan yahay Kenya iyo Itoobiya - iyo waliba Soomaaliya, laakiin arrintani suurtagal ma aha sababo la xiriira dhinaca amniga ah awgood," ayuu yiri Mr Cressman.
"Maadaama [ayaxa] tiradiisu ay inta badan koronkor weynaatay yihiin, waxaa habboon in xoog leh loogula dagaallamo diyaarado, si markaas ay noogu suurtagasho inaan yareyno tirada sii qaangaari karta ee ukumaha dhaleysa,"
Ololaha wuu ka yara wanaagsan yahay sidii uu ahaa bilowgii sannadka, Mr Cressman ayaa yiri, in la xaddiday isu socodka ee sababta u ah corona fayras taas oo aan caqabad ku noqon howlgalka muhiimka ah e la ballaariyo.
Waxay si gaar ah ugu adagtahay dalalka iyo gobollada aan la dagaallamin ayaxa muddo tobannaan sano ah, maadaama uusan jirin hab dhismeed horay usii jiray ama xasuus ku saabsan la dagaallanka
Tallaabo laga qaado Soomaaliya, Itoobiya iyo Kenya - iyo sidoo kale Pakistan - ayaa go'aamin kara waxa dhici doona marka xiga. Haddii ayaxa hadda jira uu u sii tallaabo xuduudo kale, uuna sii weeraro gobollo kale, isagoo burburinaya dalagyo kale, waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa "cayayaan xad-dhaaf ah oo waxyeello keena".
Waa sababta mid "muhiimka ka dhigeysa in la wada shaqeeyo lana wadaago khibradda iyo xirfadda" looga hortagayo in xaaladda ay ka sii darto, MR Cressman ayaa hadalka ku daray.
Laakiin beeraleyga reer Kenya ee Ali Bila Waqo iyo qoyskiisaba, tallaabo kasta oo hadda la qaado iyaga waxba uma tarto. Waxa kaliya ee ay awoodeen inay sameeyaan markii uu ayaxa kusoo duulay waxay ahaayeen inay durbaanno ku tumaan iyagoo adeegsanaya jirgaamo iyo inay ku qeyliyaan.
Sidaasoo ay tahay, wali wuxuu muujinayaa xasilooni dhinaca maskaxda ah oo ku saabsan wixii ku dhacay
"Waa wax uu Alle qaddaray. Waxan waa ciidankiisa," ayuu yiri.
Xuquuda
Erayada iyo soo saarista waxaa leh Lucy Rodgers, soo saarista dhinaca bannaanka waxaa leh Joe Inwood, naqshadeynta waxaa leh Zoe Bartholomew iyo Millie Wachira, hormarinta waxaa leh Becky Rush, Catriona Morrison iyo Purity Birir. Sawirrada ayaxa waxaa leh Swidbert R Ott iyo Stephen Rogers iyo Getty Images. Sawirrada beeraha Kenya waxaa leh BBC.